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John Howard (industrialist)
John Howard (16 March 1791 – 23 December 1878)〔''England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1966''〕 was an English industrialist, an inventor of agricultural equipment and four times the Mayor of Bedford.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bedford Borough Council )〕
==Life==
Howard was born on 16 March 1791 in Bedford and was educated at Bedford Modern School.〔''The Harpur Trust 1552-1973'', by Joyce Godber 1973〕 The family of Howard had been settled in Bedford and the neighbourhood for three centuries and at one period was possessed of considerable property.〔''History of the Landed Gentry'', by Sir Bernard Burke, CB, LLD. Published by Harrison & Sons, London, 1894〕 His father was John Moore Howard, Governor of the County Gaol in Bedford.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Oil Paintings )〕 Howard was the grandson and great nephew of two former Mayors of Bedford.〔
Howard was initially apprenticed to an ironmonger at Olney, Buckinghamshire by the Trustees of Bedford Charity.〔 In 1835 he set up an iron foundry in Bedford which he expanded rapidly.〔 The business was known in Bedford as 'The Firm', as it became the largest employer in the town.〔 Specialising in agricultural machinery, he invented and exhibited a two wheel plough at the first meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society in 1839 for which he won an award.〔''Journal Of The Royal Agricultural Society Of England, Volume 3, 1842''〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=British Farmer's Magazine )〕 John Howard retired from business in 1851 leaving his sons James and Frederick as his successors. In the following year the firm commenced the manufacture of steam ploughs.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=James and Frederick Howard )〕 The business established by Howard would later trade as James & Frederick Howard, the two brothers also building the Britannia Iron Works in Bedford in 1857.〔''Who Was Who'' entry for Sir Frederick Howard〕
Howard died on 23 December 1878. He was the father of Sir Frederick Howard JP DL〔Who's Who〕 and James Howard MP.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=James Howard )〕 He was also the grandfather of Sir George Farrar, 1st Baronet and via that line the great great grandfather of James Lowther, 7th Earl of Lonsdale.〔Debrett's Peerage〕〔thepeerage.com〕 A painting of Howard is included in the BBC's 'Your Paintings' series.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC - Your Paintings - John Howard (1791–1878), Mayor of Bedford (1858–1861) )〕
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